<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(39, 39, 39);font-family:Manjari;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:1.7;margin:0px 0px 15px;orphans:2;padding:0px;text-align:left;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">Writing an obituary on someone with whom one had a long, intimate association is not an easy affair. Words go astray even if it is too short. I met Rajeevan in 1977, when he joined for his undergraduate program in Physics at Guruvayurappan College, Calicut. I too was a student at the same college, doing my degree programme in Zoology. It was the post-<a style="background-color:transparent;box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(255, 53, 36);display:inline-block;margin:0px;padding:0px;transition:all 0.4s ease 0s;" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://theaidem.com/ezhara-azadiyude-kodukkal-vangalukal-venkitesh-ramakrishnan-ep4/">Emergency</a> period, when student politics was re-emerging on campuses after two years of silence. Students still in their teens were in search of student organisations with which they could affiliate. But there were a few in the college like us who were politically left-leaning but never wanted to affiliate themselves with any student organisation. Members of this small group identified themselves as ‘free left’. A sort of “avant-garde” group, they were slightly ahead of their time in the college.<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(39, 39, 39);font-family:Manjari;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:1.7;margin:0px 0px 15px;orphans:2;padding:0px;text-align:left;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">We were not academically good students. Not bad either. We had love for books that had nothing to do with the courses we studied in the college. Imprint, edited by Nissim Ezekiel, was the literary magazine we were comfortable with. We did attempt reading heavy stuff. But it is doubtful whether we really understood the head or tail of such writings! Looking back, I feel how ridiculous we all were, attempting to read Tin Drum of Günter Grass at eighteen! College life was incredibly adventurous. Though our group did not have any political affiliation, we were sympathetic to one political outfit or the other. Most of the members of this intimate group had some sympathy for the conventional Left or with Maoism or with the Nav Nirman movement of <a style="background-color:transparent;box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(255, 53, 36);display:inline-block;margin:0px;padding:0px;transition:all 0.4s ease 0s;" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://theaidem.com/ezhara-azadiyude-kodukkal-vangalukal-venkitesh-ramakrishnan-ep4/">Jayaprakash Narayan</a>. Or a combination of all these!! But to our surprise, Rajeevan never had any sympathy for all these organisations; but he was a Congress sympathiser. Despite being “left leaning”, he always had a strong conviction that the <a style="background-color:transparent;box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(255, 53, 36);display:inline-block;margin:0px;padding:0px;transition:all 0.4s ease 0s;" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://theaidem.com/?s=congress">Congress</a> represented India. Until his death on November 2, he held on to this view and never hesitated to express it openly. I have been reading many obituary notes on Rajeevan written by friends on Facebook and on other social media platforms. Many have mentioned his “naxalite” past. But Rajeevan never was a sympathiser of any of the innumerable faction of the naxalites in Kerala. Of course, he did have friends who were insanely passionate about dreaming of an armed rebellion in India. He didn’t have any sympathy for the conventional Left either.<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(39, 39, 39);font-family:Manjari;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:1.7;margin:0px 0px 15px;orphans:2;padding:0px;text-align:left;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">Rajeevan had genuine love for letters. His passion was poetry. As a student he used to write brilliant poems and read it out to me particularly. He knew that I do not have any taste for poetry, particularly for contemporary Malayalam writings then. But my comments mattered for him. Most of his poems were sent to the Veekshanam, the weekly magazine of the Congress in Kerala. We used to make fun of him for sending such lovely poems to Veekshanam, instead of Mathrubhumi weekly. Perhaps due to his political sympathy for the Congress. I still remember a lovely poem that he wrote for Veekshanam in 1979. The poem titled “Skylabinodu” was later translated into English by me and sent to Kamala Das who was editing the poetry section of Mirror. I titled it “Ode to Skylab”. Highly impressed by the poem, Kamala Das wrote a letter to me asking me a few more translations of Rajeevan’s poems to fill Mirror’s demy one-eighth sized full page! However, I could not do it then. However I happen to be the first to translate Rajeevan’s work into English.<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(39, 39, 39);font-family:Manjari;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:1.7;margin:0px 0px 15px;orphans:2;padding:0px;text-align:left;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">Soon after graduation, we had to look for options for our higher studies. I had plans to go for Masters in English Literature, though I never had any taste for writing. I loved literature. That’s all. Rajeevan did have love for writing and literature, but he surprised all of us by opting for Chartered Accountancy. He took up an&nbsp; “articleship” in a Chartered Accountants’ firm in Kozhikode. Of course, he did drop out after spending a year there and opted for Masters in English Literature later. Meanwhile, I got fascinated by Anthropology and dropped out of literature and opted for Masters in my newly developed passion. Rajeevan loved Indian writing in English, particularly poetry. He had genuine intertest in Jayanta Mahapatra’s poems and wanted to do a Ph.D. on him. I am not sure whether he began his research on Jayanta Mahapatra. But I have seen the synopsis that he had drafted.<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(39, 39, 39);font-family:Manjari;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:1.7;margin:0px 0px 15px;orphans:2;padding:0px;text-align:left;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">During the prime of our youth there was hardly any day when we did not meet in Calicut city. But, later, when priorities changed, our meetings turned occasional. But mutual concerns never changed. We used to have long conversations over the phone. His last call to me was in June this year. He was telling me about his health issues and how he ended up undergoing regular dialysis. I promised that I would come and meet him in a day or two with my nephew, a Nephrologist. But I never did it. I never wanted to see Rajeevan sick. But I never kept my promise. Rajeevan never called me too.<hr><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(39, 39, 39);font-family:Manjari;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:1.7;margin:0px 0px 15px;orphans:2;padding:0px;text-align:center;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">Related Story: <a style="background-color:transparent;box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(255, 53, 36);display:inline-block;margin:0px;padding:0px;transition:all 0.4s ease 0s;" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://theaidem.com/dont-be-afraid-be-bold-was-t-p-rajeevans-creative-message-anita-nair/">“Don’t be afraid, Be bold” This was T.P Rajeevan’s Creative message, says Anita Nair</a><hr><h4 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(39, 39, 39);font-family:Manjari;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:1.2;margin:0px 0px 15px;orphans:2;padding:0px;text-align:left;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">Subscribe to our channels on<a style="background-color:transparent;box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(247, 168, 16);display:block;margin:0px;padding:0px;text-decoration:none;transition:all 0.4s ease 0s;" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.youtube.com/c/THEAIDEM">YouTube</a>&amp;<a style="background-color:transparent;box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(0, 0, 0);display:block;margin:0px;padding:0px;text-decoration:none;transition:all 0.4s ease 0s;" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://chat.whatsapp.com/ELqD1D1bImgAP6MrG8jskq">WhatsApp</a></h4>

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Writing an obituary on someone with whom one had a long, intimate association is not an easy affair. Words go astray even if it is too short.

T. P. Rajeevan: A Passion that Lives On

<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(39, 39, 39);font-family:Manjari;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:1.7;margin:0px 0px 15px;orphans:2;padding:0px;text-align:left;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">When education is turned into a business, the priority is to satisfy the customer. And the customer is always right. If the quality of education suffers as a result of increasing the students’ qualifications , so be it, writes Seshadri Kumar.<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(39, 39, 39);font-family:Manjari;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:1.7;margin:0px 0px 15px;orphans:2;padding:0px;text-align:left;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">UGC has decided that students can get more than one degree at the same time when in college.<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(39, 39, 39);font-family:Manjari;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:1.7;margin:0px 0px 15px;orphans:2;padding:0px;text-align:left;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">As a former Professor in a private engineering college, let me say that I heartily endorse this move.<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(39, 39, 39);font-family:Manjari;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:1.7;margin:0px 0px 15px;orphans:2;padding:0px;text-align:left;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">Why, you ask?<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(39, 39, 39);font-family:Manjari;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:1.7;margin:0px 0px 15px;orphans:2;padding:0px;text-align:left;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">See, what I saw when I was a professor was that students didn’t learn anything anyway in engineering colleges in Karnataka.<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(39, 39, 39);font-family:Manjari;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:1.7;margin:0px 0px 15px;orphans:2;padding:0px;text-align:left;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">Students pay a lot to get a degree in private colleges. In the college I was teaching in, the fees are of the order of Rs. 2 lakh per semester. That’s Rs. 16 lakh for a four-year degree.<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(39, 39, 39);font-family:Manjari;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:1.7;margin:0px 0px 15px;orphans:2;padding:0px;text-align:left;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">When students pay so much, they aren’t students any longer. They are customers.<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(39, 39, 39);font-family:Manjari;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:1.7;margin:0px 0px 15px;orphans:2;padding:0px;text-align:left;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">And in business (dhanda), you must have honesty. Otherwise nobody will do business with you.<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(39, 39, 39);font-family:Manjari;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:1.7;margin:0px 0px 15px;orphans:2;padding:0px;text-align:left;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">So if a customer has paid Rs. 16 lakhs for his or her degree, you must give them their degree. That’s basic business ethics.<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(39, 39, 39);font-family:Manjari;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:1.7;margin:0px 0px 15px;orphans:2;padding:0px;text-align:left;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">Regardless of what their attendance in classes were, or their marks in internal assessments was, or whether they turned in their homework or not.<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(39, 39, 39);font-family:Manjari;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:1.7;margin:0px 0px 15px;orphans:2;padding:0px;text-align:left;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">We were specifically instructed to give them full marks on their homeworks, regardless of the quality. And when I set an exam paper which was deemed to be difficult, I was summoned to the Chairman’s office for an explanation. The questions were not particularly difficult. They were based on a problem solving technique that I had painstakingly demonstrated in class. More than once.<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(39, 39, 39);font-family:Manjari;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:1.7;margin:0px 0px 15px;orphans:2;padding:0px;text-align:left;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">The Chairman listened to me as I explained to him that without the knowledge of how to design things in the real world, all the theoretical knowledge they were gaining would be useless, but then told me, “Sir, but that is their problem, no? If they don’t want to learn it, leave it. It’s their loss. We can run a separate optional course for those people who want to learn the things that you want to teach them. Those who are interested can join it.” (For an extra fee, of course, though he didn’t say so explicitly.) The meeting ended with him cautioning me, in the future, to only stick to the established pattern of questions in the college.<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(39, 39, 39);font-family:Manjari;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:1.7;margin:0px 0px 15px;orphans:2;padding:0px;text-align:left;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">As a teacher, I was contacted by VTU (Visweswaraya Technological University, the apex body for engineering education in the state of Karnataka) to set final exam question papers. My old habit of presenting some challenge in a question paper could not be bottled up, and I asked some questions that would require the students to think. (This is, unfortunately, the legacy of having studied for your undergraduate at IIT Bombay and having gotten your MS and PhD in the US – you actually believe exams should test understanding.) The submission was rejected. VTU asks several faculty to submit final exam papers and picks one of them. They pay everyone for the trouble.<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(39, 39, 39);font-family:Manjari;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:1.7;margin:0px 0px 15px;orphans:2;padding:0px;text-align:left;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">Later, I understood why. The professors of all the 250 or so engineering colleges in Karnataka affiliated to VTU know the quality of their students. They know that if they ask any questions that require students to do more than memorization, everyone in every college will fail.<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(39, 39, 39);font-family:Manjari;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:1.7;margin:0px 0px 15px;orphans:2;padding:0px;text-align:left;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">And, if that happens, how will you handle the hordes of angry parents who ask you how you can fail their ward after pocketing Rs. 2 lakhs per semester?<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(39, 39, 39);font-family:Manjari;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:1.7;margin:0px 0px 15px;orphans:2;padding:0px;text-align:left;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">So internal exams must be made&nbsp; trivially easy. Final exams must be a cakewalk. Homeworks must be awarded almost full marks. I mean, you are allowed to go as low as 15 marks out of 20, but not lower. That would cause an uproar. I remember the first internal test I gave at this college. At that point, I was not fully aware of the unwritten “rules.” So the average mark in the class was 2/20, and the highest was 12. It indeed caused an uproar.<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(39, 39, 39);font-family:Manjari;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:1.7;margin:0px 0px 15px;orphans:2;padding:0px;text-align:left;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">And the college makes a big deal of attendance. VTU says that any student with less than 75% attendance will not be allowed to write the final exam. So guess what the college does? It makes the professors teach extra classes so that the students who bunked classes all semester can sit in those and be marked present. Since you have already taught the full syllabus, you have to repeat parts of it. Nobody really cares about this charade. You are going through the motions, and the students are playing games and doing WhatsApp chats. Some are reading comics.<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(39, 39, 39);font-family:Manjari;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:1.7;margin:0px 0px 15px;orphans:2;padding:0px;text-align:left;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">And so, what I say is:<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(39, 39, 39);font-family:Manjari;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:1.7;margin:0px 0px 15px;orphans:2;padding:0px;text-align:left;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">If you are going to sell degrees, why stop with one? Why not a dual degree? Why not five? Give someone a B.E. in Mechanical Engineering, a B.A. in Entire Political Science, a B.Com. and an M.A. in Entire Economics, etc.<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(39, 39, 39);font-family:Manjari;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:1.7;margin:0px 0px 15px;orphans:2;padding:0px;text-align:left;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">The structuring of such packages will involve a lot of creativity. Each student can receive a unique cutomized bouquet of degrees, depending on their preference, for the right fees.<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(39, 39, 39);font-family:Manjari;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:1.7;margin:0px 0px 15px;orphans:2;padding:0px;text-align:left;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">We should be grateful to Modiji for improving the overall qualification of Indians. This is clearly a masterstroke.

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When education is turned into a business, the priority is to satisfy the customer. And the customer is always right. If the quality of education suffers as a result of increasing the students’ qualifications , so be it, writes Seshadri Kumar.

The Customer is Always Right

<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(39, 39, 39);font-family:Manjari;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:1.7;margin:0px 0px 15px;orphans:2;padding:0px;text-align:left;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">All eyes are on the February 23, 2024 Extraordinary General Meeting (EGM) of the Byjus called by some investors of the company. There is considerable speculation on the intent of those who have called the meeting. One stream of thought has it that they are bent upon removing the founder and CEO Byju Raveendran. Whatever the details of the final outcome of the EGM there is little doubt that the Byjus story is one of the most sensational corporate stories to have emerged out of the Indian business firmament in recent times. There was a time when the Indian media as a whole, and particularly the business media, spoke only about the rise and rise of Byjus. And then the crash happened.<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(39, 39, 39);font-family:Manjari;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:1.7;margin:0px 0px 15px;orphans:2;padding:0px;text-align:left;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">Consider this. Global giants Coca Cola and Pepsi fought for the official sponsorship of Cricket in India. In their strife to outbid the other, the bids turned hysterical. The money swindling Sahara was the official sponsor for some time. From nowhere, Byjus began to don the jerseys of national cricket team as official sponsor. Its disappearance from the players’ apparels was also swift.<figure class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);border-width:0px;box-sizing:border-box;clear:both;color:rgb(85, 85, 85);display:block;font-family:Manjari;font-size:17px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;height:auto;letter-spacing:normal;margin:15px auto;max-width:100%;orphans:2;padding:0px;text-align:left;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;vertical-align:middle;white-space:normal;widows:2;width:640px;word-spacing:0px;" id="attachment_26680" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-26680"><img src="https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/byju_cricket_1024x683_f0c8d8d043.jpg" alt="byju-cricket-1024x683.jpg" srcset="https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/thumbnail_byju_cricket_1024x683_f0c8d8d043.jpg 234w,https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/small_byju_cricket_1024x683_f0c8d8d043.jpg 500w,https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/medium_byju_cricket_1024x683_f0c8d8d043.jpg 750w,https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/large_byju_cricket_1024x683_f0c8d8d043.jpg 1000w," sizes="100vw" width="undefined" height="undefined"><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;font-size:15px;line-height:20px;margin:0px;padding:12px 0px 0px;text-align:center;" id="caption-attachment-26680">Indian National Cricket Team with Byjus as Sponsor</figcaption></figure><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(39, 39, 39);font-family:Manjari;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:1.7;margin:0px 0px 15px;orphans:2;padding:0px;text-align:left;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">It was the season of “cash burns” in start-ups jargon. The angel investors picked up equity in Byju Raveendran’s Think &amp; Learn Pvt Ltd at astronomical valuations. At each round of sale of shares under the private equity route, the valuations of the company kept rising. May be, Byju did not know what to do with the money. This is the beginning of the dream run from 2015. The covid pandemic was disruptive to classroom teaching. But, it was the boon to Edtech industry, Byjus included.<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(39, 39, 39);font-family:Manjari;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:1.7;margin:0px 0px 15px;orphans:2;padding:0px;text-align:left;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">Unhindered access to easy money forced Byju Raveendran to clock higher revenues to satisfy the angel investors and seek higher valuations in subsequent rounds of equity infusion into the Company. He began with the acquisition of White Hat Junior, a fledgeling edtech that specialised in upskilling young students in computer coding. Byjus bought it for around USD 300 million in July 2020. In nearly twenty months, the founder of White Hat Junior, Karan Bajaj had rewarded his angel investors who put in just USD 11 million, most handsomely.&nbsp;<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(39, 39, 39);font-family:Manjari;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:1.7;margin:0px 0px 15px;orphans:2;padding:0px;text-align:left;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">In the process, he himself got enriched much beyond his efforts, backed by a management qualification from IIM, that some chose to describe him as a parvenu. Byju was on his way to create more such parvenus. He bought Aakash Educational Services Ltd in April 2021 for close to USD 950 million, making the founder Aakash Choudhary humongously rich overnight. At the same time, Byjus commanded a valuation of USD 22 billion.&nbsp;<figure class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);border-width:0px;box-sizing:border-box;clear:both;color:rgb(85, 85, 85);display:block;font-family:Manjari;font-size:17px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;height:auto;letter-spacing:normal;margin:15px auto;max-width:100%;orphans:2;padding:0px;text-align:left;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;vertical-align:middle;white-space:normal;widows:2;width:600px;word-spacing:0px;" id="attachment_26681" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-26681"><img src="https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/byju_99fc11fa11.jpg" alt="byju.jpg" srcset="https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/thumbnail_byju_99fc11fa11.jpg 245w,https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/small_byju_99fc11fa11.jpg 500w," sizes="100vw" width="undefined" height="undefined"><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;font-size:15px;line-height:20px;margin:0px;padding:12px 0px 0px;text-align:center;" id="caption-attachment-26681">Byjus Educational Institutions (Offline Mode)</figcaption></figure><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(39, 39, 39);font-family:Manjari;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:1.7;margin:0px 0px 15px;orphans:2;padding:0px;text-align:left;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">Byju Raveendran continued his acquisitions at frenetic pace. He funded these through equity and debt. And he found the going tough in clocking revenues. Auditors refused to close his books without qualification. Debtors chose to take him to courts for loan repayment delinquencies. These were the King’s horses and men. Will they be able to put Humpty together again?<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(39, 39, 39);font-family:Manjari;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:1.7;margin:0px 0px 15px;orphans:2;padding:0px;text-align:left;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">In the course of these scrambles, Byju ran into problems with non-compliance of provisions of Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA 1999), as he wantonly made advance remittances and received advance remittances but failed to execute the orders. So, the Enforcement Directorate were behind him.<figure class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);border-width:0px;box-sizing:border-box;clear:both;color:rgb(85, 85, 85);display:block;font-family:Manjari;font-size:17px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;height:auto;letter-spacing:normal;margin:15px auto;max-width:100%;orphans:2;padding:0px;text-align:left;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;vertical-align:middle;white-space:normal;widows:2;width:462px;word-spacing:0px;" id="attachment_26682" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-26682"><img src="https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/bytju_768x512_9bb129ea87.jpg" alt="bytju-768x512.jpg" srcset="https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/thumbnail_bytju_768x512_9bb129ea87.jpg 234w,https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/small_bytju_768x512_9bb129ea87.jpg 500w,https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/medium_bytju_768x512_9bb129ea87.jpg 750w," sizes="100vw" width="undefined" height="undefined"><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;font-size:15px;line-height:20px;margin:0px;padding:12px 0px 0px;text-align:center;" id="caption-attachment-26682">Byju Raveendran</figcaption></figure><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(39, 39, 39);font-family:Manjari;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:1.7;margin:0px 0px 15px;orphans:2;padding:0px;text-align:left;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">Byju was fortunate to rope in Ranjan Pai of Manipal Hospitals as an investor in these testing times to keep his head afloat. Amidst these compounding woes, Byju had to perforce go back to the same King’s men and horses to save him. He offered a Rights Issue to existing investors. Nothing novel about this, many faltering entrepreneurs have taken this route earlier. He discounted the USD 21 billion by 99%.<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(39, 39, 39);font-family:Manjari;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:1.7;margin:0px 0px 15px;orphans:2;padding:0px;text-align:left;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">&nbsp;Some investors saw this as an opportunity to retain their stake in the Company and at the same time, lowering the average holding price of their stock in the Company, especially when new investors might not touch it even with a barge pole. Not everyone thinks on same lines. Some investors wanted to oust the promoter Byju Raveendran, his wife and brother from the Board of the Company and accordingly demanded for an Extraordinary General Meeting (EGM) of the Company. Byju could get some succour through an interim relief on executing the decision of the EGM scheduled for 23rd February 2024, while the Karnataka High Court refused a stay the EGM as demanded by Byju. Sensing that Byju might flee the country if things get hot, the Enforcement Directorate has obtained Lookout Notice Circular from Bureau of Immigration against Byju Raveendran, quantifying his foreign exchange violations at ₹9362 crores.&nbsp;<figure class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);border-width:0px;box-sizing:border-box;clear:both;color:rgb(85, 85, 85);display:block;font-family:Manjari;font-size:17px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;height:auto;letter-spacing:normal;margin:15px auto;max-width:100%;orphans:2;padding:0px;text-align:left;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;vertical-align:middle;white-space:normal;widows:2;width:690px;word-spacing:0px;" id="attachment_26684" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-26684"><img src="https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/services_1024x676_e1f2dc7cb3.jpg" alt="services-1024x676.jpg" srcset="https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/thumbnail_services_1024x676_e1f2dc7cb3.jpg 236w,https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/small_services_1024x676_e1f2dc7cb3.jpg 500w,https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/medium_services_1024x676_e1f2dc7cb3.jpg 750w,https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/large_services_1024x676_e1f2dc7cb3.jpg 1000w," sizes="100vw" width="undefined" height="undefined"><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;font-size:15px;line-height:20px;margin:0px;padding:12px 0px 0px;text-align:center;" id="caption-attachment-26684">Edtech services from Byjus for various levels of studies</figcaption></figure><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(39, 39, 39);font-family:Manjari;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:1.7;margin:0px 0px 15px;orphans:2;padding:0px;text-align:left;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">While the market waits expectantly to see how things unfold among Humpty and the King’s horses and men, let us look back at this Subhashitham sloka.<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(39, 39, 39);font-family:Manjari;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:1.7;margin:0px 0px 15px;orphans:2;padding:0px;text-align:left;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">“Na chora haryam, na cha Raja haryam, na bhaatr bhajyam, na bharakaari. Vyayam krutevardhat evam nityam Vidhyadhanam sarva dhana pradhaanam.”<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(39, 39, 39);font-family:Manjari;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:1.7;margin:0px 0px 15px;orphans:2;padding:0px;text-align:left;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">“Knowledge cannot be stolen, nor is it a treasure confined to Kings. It cannot be divided amongst brothers. It is not heavy to carry. As you spend it, it keeps growing. Knowledge is the most precious wealth amongst everything.” Did he make the cardinal sin of commercialising knowledge?<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(39, 39, 39);font-family:Manjari;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:1.7;margin:0px 0px 15px;orphans:2;padding:0px;text-align:left;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">Only the King’s horses and men will be able to analyse it better!

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Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall
Humpty Dumpty had a great fall
All the king’s horses and all the king’s men
Couldn’t put Humpty together again

The Humpty Dumpty Byjus

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How NCERT Cripples the Idea of India

<img src="https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/images_2024_06_29_T171648_955_6db29641d4.jpeg" alt="images-2024-06-29T171648.955.jpeg" srcset="https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/thumbnail_images_2024_06_29_T171648_955_6db29641d4.jpeg 245w,https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/small_images_2024_06_29_T171648_955_6db29641d4.jpeg 500w," sizes="100vw" width="undefined" height="undefined"><div class="post-body clearfix single-blog-header single-blog-inner blog-single-block blog-details-content" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(85, 85, 85);font-family:Manjari;font-size:17px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;margin:0px;orphans:2;padding:0px;text-align:left;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;"><div class="entry-content clearfix" style="box-sizing:border-box;counter-reset:footnotes 0;margin:0px;padding:0px;">The massive mess-up caused by the NEET scam has brought utter dismay to 24 lakh candidates, who had high hopes to be one among 1,08,915 winners eligible for admission in one of the 706 medical colleges across the country. Who should be blamed? Sensible citizens await the National Testing Agency to admit that the buck stops at their end. Citizens would also want to know what steps the NTA is proposing to take for concrete course correction.But how will the Agency go about it? To start with, going back objectively to our experience in terms of centralised exams would do some good. As a country, centralisation of exams is not new for us. Centralised admission tests in the country had begun way back in 1929 as an experimental strategy of academic standardisation of secondary school examinations in colonial India. This was done on the basis of Western criteria.&nbsp;<figure class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="border-width:0px;box-sizing:border-box;clear:both;display:block;height:auto;margin:15px auto;max-width:100%;padding:0px;vertical-align:middle;width:737px;" id="attachment_28698" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-28698"><img src="https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/images_2024_06_29_T170959_268_df18748508.jpeg" alt="images-2024-06-29T170959.268.jpeg" srcset="https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/thumbnail_images_2024_06_29_T170959_268_df18748508.jpeg 245w,https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/small_images_2024_06_29_T170959_268_df18748508.jpeg 500w," sizes="100vw" width="undefined" height="undefined"><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;font-size:15px;line-height:20px;margin:0px;padding:12px 0px 0px;text-align:center;" id="caption-attachment-28698">A Computerused testing centre for entrance exam</figcaption></figure>This system was reconstituted in 1952, after Independence. This reconstitution had two important objectives. Firstly, the reconstitution had the objective of ensuring that the Western standards – considered high at that time – was maintained through secondary examinations in Independent India. But, at the same time, there was also the emphasis that the national goal of social and community integration should be held aloft in the system. Subsequently, this board was renamed as the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE), mandated to conduct the public examinations of X and XII classes of the central schools all over the country.&nbsp;<h2 style="box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(39, 39, 39);font-family:Manjari;font-size:25px;line-height:1.2;margin:0px 0px 15px;padding:0px;text-align:left;">CBSE, the World’s Largest Exam Body&nbsp;</h2>Soon the CBSE was entrusted with the responsibility of conducting various post-secondary level entrance examinations for the medical and engineering institutions. Ever since it had been conducting the All India Pre Medical Test (AIPMT), National Eligibility cum Entrance Test UG (NEET), All India Engineering Entrance Examination (AIEEE), renamed in 2013 as the Joint Entrance Examination (JEE) Main, National Eligibility Test (NET), Central Teacher Eligibility Test (CTET) and Central Universities Common Entrance Test (CUCET), in addition to its originally mandated responsibilities with the summative annual examinations of the high and higher secondary schools. CBSE had been the largest exam conducting body in the world till 2018 when all the tests except the finals of the X and XII Classes, were outsourced to National Testing Agency (NTA).<figure class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="border-width:0px;box-sizing:border-box;clear:both;display:block;height:auto;margin:15px auto;max-width:100%;padding:0px;vertical-align:middle;width:739px;" id="attachment_28699" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-28699"><img src="https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/images_2024_06_29_T171458_995_0bf95b02a1.jpeg" alt="images-2024-06-29T171458.995.jpeg" srcset="https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/thumbnail_images_2024_06_29_T171458_995_0bf95b02a1.jpeg 245w,https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/small_images_2024_06_29_T171458_995_0bf95b02a1.jpeg 500w," sizes="100vw" width="undefined" height="undefined"><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;font-size:15px;line-height:20px;margin:0px;padding:12px 0px 0px;text-align:center;" id="caption-attachment-28699">CBSE Office in Delhi</figcaption></figure>This decision to constitute NTA for the conduct of exams is said to have been necessitated by malpractices and irregularities allegedly rampant in the admission tests conducted by the CBSE. Nevertheless, CBSE with the legacy of a period more than half a century, was not blamed as an agency. What the NTA has messed up now has been conducted efficiently by the University Grants Commission (UGC), the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE), and central universities, such as the Delhi University and Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU).&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2 style="box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(39, 39, 39);font-family:Manjari;font-size:25px;line-height:1.2;margin:0px 0px 15px;padding:0px;text-align:left;">NTA’s Failure</h2>NTA was originally proposed as part of the Programme of Action 1992 under the National Education Policy 1986. Subsequently, the IIT Directors’ Committee recommended it in 2010, to have it as a legislatively constituted autonomous national agency modelled after the fully autonomous Educational Testing Service (ETS) of the United States. Thus NTA came into being, ostensibly an autonomous set up, but under the political control of the Ministry of Education, Government of India. This political control has indeed been largely counter productive.&nbsp;The NTA’s very record of the last five years, through which it has proved to be nowhere near attaining efficiency, transparency, and credibility underscores this major limitation or drawback. Though originally conceived as an autonomous body that would emulate international testing agencies such as Educational Testing Service (ETS) that conducts Graduate Record Examinations (GRE) and Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOFEL) or Graduate Management Admission Council (GMAC) that conducts Graduate Management Test (GMAT), NTA fell woefully behind in attaining its stated objectives.&nbsp;<figure class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="border-width:0px;box-sizing:border-box;clear:both;display:block;height:auto;margin:15px auto;max-width:100%;padding:0px;vertical-align:middle;width:738px;" id="attachment_28700" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-28700"><img src="https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/images_2024_06_29_T171558_436_296d576a67.jpeg" alt="images-2024-06-29T171558.436.jpeg" srcset="https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/thumbnail_images_2024_06_29_T171558_436_296d576a67.jpeg 245w,https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/small_images_2024_06_29_T171558_436_296d576a67.jpeg 500w," sizes="100vw" width="undefined" height="undefined"><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;font-size:15px;line-height:20px;margin:0px;padding:12px 0px 0px;text-align:center;" id="caption-attachment-28700">Student’s protesting against NTA</figcaption></figure>NTA has been exposed as professionally incompetent through NEET question papers with serious errors. It&nbsp;has also been proved to have failed in checking fraudulent practices. Organised foul play is evident in the norm-less decisions of the NTA officials to postpone the NEET exams several times. The same negative trend is palpable in the announcement of results in a haste, seemingly to coincide with the results of political elections. This timing is termed suspicious as it is widely believed that it was fixed so as to gloss over and cover up the anomalies in the tests, in the context of nation-wide public excitement over the election results. One cannot also not ignore the possible nexus of the multi-crore industry of coaching institutions behind this.<h2 style="box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(39, 39, 39);font-family:Manjari;font-size:25px;line-height:1.2;margin:0px 0px 15px;padding:0px;text-align:left;">State Level Federal Collaboration Is Essential</h2>All this prompts us to suspect connivance of corruption from above, which is quite natural in a crony capitalist state-power that resorts to all means to strengthen the unitary structure of governance, blatantly weakening the federal set up. In fact, national centralisation of admission tests itself has been perceived by a number of regional,social and political organisations, as a political strategy determined to impair federalism.&nbsp;So, to put it in a nutshell, bringing back enhanced State level participation is primary and essential step to set right the national examinations. Greater involvement of the State machinery would contribute to the greater protection of institutions and students handicapped by regional limitations. Higher engagement by State governments would also ultimately lead to assurance of social justice, which the CBSE and institutions like JNU had done successfully.&nbsp;<figure class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="border-width:0px;box-sizing:border-box;clear:both;display:block;height:auto;margin:15px auto;max-width:100%;padding:0px;vertical-align:middle;width:678px;" id="attachment_28701" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-28701"><img src="https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/images_2024_06_29_T171055_444_e8936de295.jpeg" alt="images-2024-06-29T171055.444.jpeg" srcset="https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/thumbnail_images_2024_06_29_T171055_444_e8936de295.jpeg 234w,https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/small_images_2024_06_29_T171055_444_e8936de295.jpeg 500w," sizes="100vw" width="undefined" height="undefined"><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;font-size:15px;line-height:20px;margin:0px;padding:12px 0px 0px;text-align:center;" id="caption-attachment-28701">Students waiting at an exam centre</figcaption></figure>Clearly, a transparent examination system of credibility is feasible only with collaboration at the State level. It is important to use a question bank complete with well-framed questions. Nevertheless, it does not mean mechanical questions meriting quickness in comprehension rather than critical thinking and creativity. Digital technology enabled proctoring is necessary for efficiency in the conduct of tests as well as to ensure transparency.Will the agency take these points for course correction? As someone who has spent over five decades in the higher education sector, I believe that these could well be the starting points of course correction.</div></div>

National Testing Agency Yes, But Ensure State Level Participation And Social Justice

<img src="https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/images_2024_09_05_T154456_207_65aaea3482.jpeg" alt="images-2024-09-05T154456.207.jpeg" srcset="https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/thumbnail_images_2024_09_05_T154456_207_65aaea3482.jpeg 245w,https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/small_images_2024_09_05_T154456_207_65aaea3482.jpeg 500w,https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/medium_images_2024_09_05_T154456_207_65aaea3482.jpeg 750w," sizes="100vw" width="undefined" height="undefined"><div class="post-body clearfix single-blog-header single-blog-inner blog-single-block blog-details-content" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(85, 85, 85);font-family:Manjari;font-size:17px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;margin:0px;orphans:2;padding:0px;text-align:left;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;"><div class="entry-content clearfix" style="box-sizing:border-box;counter-reset:footnotes 0;margin:0px;padding:0px;">Schools in the UAE are saying “No” to Photography without Permission. Advocate Musthafa Zafeer O.V. an international lawyer based in the UAE analyses the legal and social implications of this move by the schools.&nbsp;As the new academic year commences, schools across the United Arab Emirates (UAE) are proactively addressing what they term as a pressing issue, students’ photography in schools. This has taken the form of a drive emphasising the need to restrain students from taking photographs in the school premises and sharing them on social media.<img src="https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/images_2024_09_05_T154124_335_1f18b24f9d.jpeg" alt="images-2024-09-05T154124.335.jpeg" srcset="https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/thumbnail_images_2024_09_05_T154124_335_1f18b24f9d.jpeg 208w,https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/small_images_2024_09_05_T154124_335_1f18b24f9d.jpeg 500w," sizes="100vw" width="undefined" height="undefined">This initiative is primarily aimed at safeguarding privacy and ensuring adherence to the UAE’s stringent Privacy Laws. There is no doubt that such measures aim to create a safe and respectful learning environment, free from the potential pitfalls of social media. By enforcing these policies, schools can ensure that students focus on their education without the distractions and dangers of unregulated sharing.&nbsp;<h2 style="box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(39, 39, 39);font-family:Manjari;font-size:25px;line-height:1.2;margin:0px 0px 15px;padding:0px;text-align:left;">Parent’s Role</h2>Educators and administrators are calling on parents to play an active role in instilling a sense of responsibility and awareness in their children regarding the potential consequences of violating privacy regulations. Parents play a pivotal role in this educational endeavour. Schools urge parents to discuss these topics at home, reinforcing what is taught in the classroom. By initiating conversations about the impact of social media and the importance of privacy, parents can help their children navigate the complexities of digital citizenship. When children understand that their actions have real-world implications, they are more likely to adhere to privacy guidelines established by their Schools and the government.<h2 style="box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(39, 39, 39);font-family:Manjari;font-size:25px;line-height:1.2;margin:0px 0px 15px;padding:0px;text-align:left;"> Legal Framework</h2>In recent years, the proliferation of smartphones and social media platforms has dramatically altered how individuals interact and share information. While these advancements have enhanced communication and connectivity, they have also introduced significant challenges, particularly concerning privacy.<img src="https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/images_2024_09_05_T154050_583_24e6e4d515.jpeg" alt="images-2024-09-05T154050.583.jpeg" srcset="https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/thumbnail_images_2024_09_05_T154050_583_24e6e4d515.jpeg 209w,https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/small_images_2024_09_05_T154050_583_24e6e4d515.jpeg 500w," sizes="100vw" width="undefined" height="undefined">In the UAE, privacy is highly valued, and the government has established comprehensive laws to protect individuals’ rights to confidentiality and personal space. Violating these laws can result in severe penalties, underscoring the necessity for schools to take a proactive stance in educating students.&nbsp;<h2 style="box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(39, 39, 39);font-family:Manjari;font-size:25px;line-height:1.2;margin:0px 0px 15px;padding:0px;text-align:left;">UAE Privacy Laws</h2>A closer look into the Privacy laws does reveal the reasons behind such a novel step by the Schools in UAE. It is hailed as the right step to instill a sense of legal issues in the minds of students, parents and staff. In the United Arab Emirates (UAE), privacy rights are governed by several laws and regulations, reflecting the country’s approach to individual privacy, data protection, and surveillance.Here are some key laws concerning privacy rights in the UAE:<ul style="box-sizing:border-box;list-style:disc;margin-bottom:20px;margin-right:0px;margin-top:20px;padding:0px 0px 0px 20px;"><li style="box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:17px;font-weight:400;line-height:1.8;list-style:disc;margin-bottom:10px;margin-right:0px;margin-top:0px;padding:0px;">Constitutional Provisions:&nbsp;</li></ul>Article 31 of the UAE Constitution guarantees the right to privacy. It states that “the privacy of the home and communication shall be inviolable.” However, this right may be limited in the interest of public security, preventing crimes, or protecting others’ rights.&nbsp;<ul style="box-sizing:border-box;list-style:disc;margin-bottom:20px;margin-right:0px;margin-top:20px;padding:0px 0px 0px 20px;"><li style="box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:17px;font-weight:400;line-height:1.8;list-style:disc;margin-bottom:10px;margin-right:0px;margin-top:0px;padding:0px;">Federal Decree-Law No. 45 of 2021 on the Protection of Personal Data</li></ul>This is the primary legislation governing personal data protection in the UAE. It came into effect on January 2, 2022. The law outlines the rights of individuals concerning their personal data, including the right to access, correct, or delete their data, and mandates that organisations must obtain consent before processing personal data.&nbsp;<ul style="box-sizing:border-box;list-style:disc;margin-bottom:20px;margin-right:0px;margin-top:20px;padding:0px 0px 0px 20px;"><li style="box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:17px;font-weight:400;line-height:1.8;list-style:disc;margin-bottom:10px;margin-right:0px;margin-top:0px;padding:0px;">UAE Cyber Crimes Law (Federal Law No. 5 of 2012)</li></ul>This law addresses various cyber crimes, including illegal access to data and the unauthorised disclosure of personal information and cyber bullying. It provides penalties for violations related to data privacy and emphasises the importance of safeguarding personal data including photographs from misuse.&nbsp;<h2 style="box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(39, 39, 39);font-family:Manjari;font-size:25px;line-height:1.2;margin:0px 0px 15px;padding:0px;text-align:left;">Consent and Privacy</h2>As mentioned above, UAE laws emphasise the importance of obtaining consent before capturing or using photographs of individuals. This is particularly relevant in educational environments where many individuals may not be comfortable with being photographed. Students often capture moments during school events, extracurricular activities, or even in the classroom. However, sharing these moments publicly without the permission of those depicted can lead to feelings of discomfort or violation of privacy.&nbsp;<h2 style="box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(39, 39, 39);font-family:Manjari;font-size:25px;line-height:1.2;margin:0px 0px 15px;padding:0px;text-align:left;">Protection of Minors</h2>Many students in schools are minors. The law places a higher duty of care on Minors regarding the protection of their privacy and welfare. By implementing a policy that requires permission, schools are taking steps to safeguard students from potential unauthorised use of their images.<img src="https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/images_2024_09_05_T154345_072_0f7847eec3.jpeg" alt="images-2024-09-05T154345.072.jpeg" srcset="https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/thumbnail_images_2024_09_05_T154345_072_0f7847eec3.jpeg 245w,https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/small_images_2024_09_05_T154345_072_0f7847eec3.jpeg 500w," sizes="100vw" width="undefined" height="undefined"><h3 style="box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(39, 39, 39);font-family:Manjari;font-size:20px;font-weight:700;line-height:1.2;margin:0px 0px 15px;padding:0px;text-align:left;">&nbsp;</h3><h2 style="box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(39, 39, 39);font-family:Manjari;font-size:25px;line-height:1.2;margin:0px 0px 15px;padding:0px;text-align:left;">Cybersecurity and Cyberbullying</h2>In the age of social media, unauthorised photographs can lead to cyberbullying, harassment, or privacy infringements. By regulating photography, schools can help mitigate these risks and protect students from potentially harmful situations. &nbsp;<h2 style="box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(39, 39, 39);font-family:Manjari;font-size:25px;line-height:1.2;margin:0px 0px 15px;padding:0px;text-align:left;">Ethical Considerations</h2><h3 style="box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(39, 39, 39);font-family:Manjari;font-size:20px;line-height:1.2;margin:0px 0px 15px;padding:0px;text-align:left;">Respect for Individual Preferences</h3>Not all individuals are comfortable having their photographs taken, and this policy respects their preferences and concerns. Young individuals may not fully grasp the potential harm of sharing photos without consent, especially in an educational setting. This lack of understanding can lead to unintended consequences, including legal repercussions for both the offending student and the institution.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h3 style="box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(39, 39, 39);font-family:Manjari;font-size:20px;line-height:1.2;margin:0px 0px 15px;padding:0px;text-align:left;">Creating a Positive Environment</h3>Implementing a no-photography policy that imposes a prerequisite of seeking permission from the photographed contributes to an environment where everyone feels safe and respected. It promotes a culture of consent and respect for personal boundaries. One of the critical aspects of the campaign is fostering an understanding among students of the implications of their actions. By educating students about the laws governing privacy, schools can empower them to make informed choices and act responsibly.&nbsp;Finally, By educating students about the privacy laws, encouraging consent, and involving parents in the dialogue, schools can create a culture of awareness and responsibility that will serve students well beyond their academic careers. The move toward stricter regulations on sharing images is not merely about compliance but about fostering respect for individual rights and dignity within the community.</div></div>

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The Legal and Social Implications of the Photography Ban Brought in by UAE Schools

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The Infinite Violence of Everyday: Taking Elimination of Violence on Women Seriously

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<img src="https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/images_9_45ef5452cd.jpeg" alt="images-9.jpeg" srcset="https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/thumbnail_images_9_45ef5452cd.jpeg 245w,https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/small_images_9_45ef5452cd.jpeg 500w," sizes="100vw" width="undefined" height="undefined"><div class="post-body clearfix single-blog-header single-blog-inner blog-single-block blog-details-content" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Manjari;font-size:17px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;margin:0px;orphans:2;padding:0px;text-align:left;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;"><div class="entry-content clearfix" style="box-sizing:border-box;counter-reset:footnotes 0;margin:0px;padding:0px;">The following article is part of the Trailblazing Women of India series. A series presented by The AIDEM, exploring the lives and ideas of women who played a decisive role in shaping India’s social, political, and intellectual history.The AIDEM underscores the enduring contemporary relevance of revisiting the lives of these women leaders and the ideas they championed. Click <a style="background-color:transparent;box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(255, 53, 36);display:inline-block;margin:0px;padding:0px;transition:0.4s;" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://youtu.be/G_sxvcXO0tg">here</a> to watch the video.<hr>Picture this: It’s 1930. A 27-year-old woman stands before Mahatma Gandhi, telling him he’s making a historic mistake.Gandhi is planning the Salt March. His vision? Men march and women stand on street corners selling salt and singing songs.Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay says: No.“Women have stood shoulder to shoulder with men, building the Congress party. They deserve to march,” she insists.<figure class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="box-sizing:border-box;clear:both;display:block;margin:15px auto;max-width:100%;padding:0px;width:654px;" id="attachment_42087" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-42087"><img src="https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/Kamaladevi_Chattopadhyaya_Leading_a_Congress_march_in_the_early_1930s_a72f010da1.jpg" alt="Kamaladevi-Chattopadhyaya-Leading-a-Congress-march-in-the-early-1930s.jpg" srcset="https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/thumbnail_Kamaladevi_Chattopadhyaya_Leading_a_Congress_march_in_the_early_1930s_a72f010da1.jpg 102w,https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/small_Kamaladevi_Chattopadhyaya_Leading_a_Congress_march_in_the_early_1930s_a72f010da1.jpg 327w,https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/medium_Kamaladevi_Chattopadhyaya_Leading_a_Congress_march_in_the_early_1930s_a72f010da1.jpg 491w," sizes="100vw" width="undefined" height="undefined"><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;font-size:15px;line-height:20px;margin:0px;padding:12px 0px 0px;text-align:center;" id="caption-attachment-42087">Kamaladevi Chattopadhyaya leading a Congress march in the early 1930s</figcaption></figure>Gandhi concedes. But she’s not finished. “Issue a formal call to action.”“Why?” Gandhi asks. “Don’t you know your sisters?”Her response? Pure political genius: “Because history will record that YOU called them to participate.”&nbsp;History did record it. Women marched beside Gandhi, breaking salt laws. Kamaladevi became one of the first women arrested for civil disobedience. She auctioned “freedom salt” at the Bombay Stock Exchange for Rs. 501. On January 26, 1930, she clung to the Indian tricolour during a scuffle with authorities, refusing to let go.Who was this woman bold enough to challenge Gandhi?Born in 1903 in Mangalore, married at fourteen, widowed at sixteen. She remarried—scandalous. She divorced—one of India’s first civil divorces. In 1926, encouraged by Margaret Cousins, she became the first woman to contest a legislative office, losing by just 55 votes. In 1927, she founded the All India Women’s Conference as its organizing secretary.In 1936, she became a founding member of the Congress Socialist Party, working alongside Jayaprakash Narayan and Ram Manohar Lohia. Yet when we celebrate Indian socialism, we remember only the men.<figure class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="box-sizing:border-box;clear:both;display:block;margin:15px auto;max-width:100%;padding:0px;width:300px;" id="attachment_42084" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-42084"><img src="https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/Kamaladevi_Chattopadhyay_aa0f5dde3b.jpg" alt="Kamaladevi-Chattopadhyay.jpg" srcset="https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/thumbnail_Kamaladevi_Chattopadhyay_aa0f5dde3b.jpg 113w," sizes="100vw" width="undefined" height="undefined"><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;font-size:15px;line-height:20px;margin:0px;padding:12px 0px 0px;text-align:center;" id="caption-attachment-42084">Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay</figcaption></figure>Her ideas were revolutionary. She connected capitalism, imperialism, and women’s subjection: “This imperial capitalist system encourages endless wars and expects women to produce children who become soldiers.” She challenged glorified motherhood itself.In the 1930s—decades before global women’s liberation—she championed bodily autonomy and birth control. Not for population control, but for women’s choice. She traveled to America, worked with Margaret Sanger, and in 1951 established India’s first family planning commission centered on women’s autonomy.She championed what we now refer as feminist economics, preceding the Feminist Care Ethics Debate by decades. She documented sexual division of labor, wage discrimination, and systematic underpayment of women workers in industrial and agricultural sectors—when labor movements barely acknowledged women as workers.Interestingly, she refused the label “feminist,” understanding that in her hostile patriarchal environment, strategic pragmatism mattered. But her ideas? Profoundly feminist.<img src="https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/Kamaladevi_4_58727afc75.jpg" alt="Kamaladevi-4.jpg" srcset="https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/thumbnail_Kamaladevi_4_58727afc75.jpg 216w,https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/small_Kamaladevi_4_58727afc75.jpg 500w," sizes="100vw" width="undefined" height="undefined">After Partition, heartbroken, she resettled 50,000 refugees from the North-West Frontier Province, helping create Faridabad—independent India’s crucial early industrial township. In 1948, she founded and led the Indian Cooperative Union for the rehabilitation of the refugees.Her greatest legacy? Reviving India’s dying crafts as economic empowerment. As chairperson of the All India Handicrafts Board for twenty years, she understood that handicrafts meant livelihoods for millions, grassroots democratic participation, and India’s answer to exploitative industrialization.Her institutions still stand: Indian National Theatre established in 1944, which later became National School of Drama, All India Handicrafts Board established in 1952, Sangeet Natak Akademi in 1953, Crafts Council of India in 1964, and Delhi’s Crafts Museum in 1967. She made Indian handicrafts a major export, serving as an Advisor to the World Craft Council and first President for the Asia-Pacific Region.<figure class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="box-sizing:border-box;clear:both;display:block;margin:15px auto;max-width:100%;padding:0px;width:555px;" id="attachment_42085" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-42085"><img src="https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/Leading_Their_Imperial_Highnesses_to_the_dias_60795d4aa2.jpg" alt="Leading-Their-Imperial-Highnesses-to-the-dias.jpg" srcset="https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/thumbnail_Leading_Their_Imperial_Highnesses_to_the_dias_60795d4aa2.jpg 216w,https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/small_Leading_Their_Imperial_Highnesses_to_the_dias_60795d4aa2.jpg 500w," sizes="100vw" width="undefined" height="undefined"><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;font-size:15px;line-height:20px;margin:0px;padding:12px 0px 0px;text-align:center;" id="caption-attachment-42085">Kamaladevi Chattopadhyaya leading their Imperial Highnesses to the dias</figcaption></figure>From UNESCO Awards to the Padma Vibhushan, her legacy endures in every artisan earning a dignified living today.Kamaladevi died in 1988, but her question echoes: What does freedom mean without bodily autonomy, economic independence, and cultural sovereignty?As you explore her work—and I hope you will—ask yourself: What would Kamaladevi be fighting for today?<div class="raw-html-embed"><iframe width="640" height="360" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/G_sxvcXO0tg" title="Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay and the Idea of Cultural Sovereignty by Priyanka Jha | New Series | EP 02 " frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div></div></div>

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Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay: The Woman who taught Gandhi a Lesson

<div class="post-body clearfix single-blog-header single-blog-inner blog-single-block blog-details-content" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Manjari;font-size:17px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;margin:0px;orphans:2;padding:0px;text-align:left;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;"><div class="entry-content clearfix" style="box-sizing:border-box;counter-reset:footnotes 0;margin:0px;padding:0px;">Shuruart Foundation has been using art to make education more joyful and effective since 2017. Does your child often draw the same thing again and again? Should parents be worried if this happens? In this episode of Child and Art: Myths &amp; Facts, we talk about why children repeat drawings and what it really tells us about their confidence and emotional growth. Learn how your positive feedback and encouragement can help your child express freely, think creatively, and build genuine self-confidence. Watch the video to learn more.</div></div>

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Same drawing again? Is that good or bad for your child’s growth?

<div class="post-featured-image" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Manjari;font-size:17px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;margin:0px 0px 50px;orphans:2;padding:0px;text-align:left;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">&nbsp;</div><figure class="image"><img style="aspect-ratio:undefined/undefined;" src="https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/Wearing_My_Face_Before_a_Media_that_Has_the_Power_to_Make_and_Unmake_4_optimized_100_f65d7f55f3.png" alt="Wearing_My_Face_Before_a_Media_that_Has_the_Power_to_Make_and_Unmake_4_optimized_100.png" srcset="https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/thumbnail_Wearing_My_Face_Before_a_Media_that_Has_the_Power_to_Make_and_Unmake_4_optimized_100_f65d7f55f3.png 245w,https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/small_Wearing_My_Face_Before_a_Media_that_Has_the_Power_to_Make_and_Unmake_4_optimized_100_f65d7f55f3.png 500w," sizes="100vw" width="undefined" height="undefined"></figure><div class="post-featured-image" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Manjari;font-size:17px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;margin:0px 0px 50px;orphans:2;padding:0px;text-align:left;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">As advocates, our lives are consumed by briefs and arguments, leaving little room for leisure. For me, the finest pastime is research and writing, a legacy I proudly inherit from my late grandfather, Shri S.A.A. Rizvi, IAS (Retd.). He was a gold medallist and a remarkable scholar of his times. His example instilled in me the conviction that the pursuit of knowledge is not merely an adornment, but a discipline that enriches both profession and personality.</div><div class="post-body clearfix single-blog-header single-blog-inner blog-single-block blog-details-content" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Manjari;font-size:17px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;margin:0px;orphans:2;padding:0px;text-align:left;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;"><div class="entry-content clearfix" style="box-sizing:border-box;counter-reset:footnotes 0;margin:0px;padding:0px;">It was in this spirit that a casual exchange with my colleague Nadeem Murtaza at the High Court rekindled this passion. His query, whether I had ever heard of “Douglas” or “Kinnaird Hospital” of Lucknow was not a passing remark, but a spark that illuminated a forgotten chapter of Lucknow’s medical heritage. His mother, Zahida Auntie, had often spoken of it, pointing to the site near today’s Lari Cardiology Centre, where the geriatric and mental health departments of KGMU (King George Medical University) now stand. That conversation became the bridge between my inherited love for inquiry and the living memory of our city, compelling me to delve into archives and dissertations, and to uncover the remarkable story of a hospital that once stood shoulder to shoulder with Queen Mary and Lady Dufferin Hospitals in Lucknow.&nbsp;<figure class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="box-sizing:border-box;clear:both;display:block;margin:15px auto;max-width:100%;padding:0px;width:426px;" id="attachment_41918" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-41918"><img src="https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/Kinnaird_Memorial_Hospital_1_1_1024x666_2b0c4cee0d.png" alt="Kinnaird-Memorial-Hospital-1-1-1024x666.png" srcset="https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/thumbnail_Kinnaird_Memorial_Hospital_1_1_1024x666_2b0c4cee0d.png 240w,https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/small_Kinnaird_Memorial_Hospital_1_1_1024x666_2b0c4cee0d.png 500w,https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/medium_Kinnaird_Memorial_Hospital_1_1_1024x666_2b0c4cee0d.png 750w,https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/large_Kinnaird_Memorial_Hospital_1_1_1024x666_2b0c4cee0d.png 1000w," sizes="100vw" width="undefined" height="undefined"><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;font-size:15px;line-height:20px;margin:0px;padding:12px 0px 0px;text-align:center;" id="caption-attachment-41918">Lady Kinnaird Memorial Hospital</figcaption></figure>The story begins in 1875, when Elizabeth Bielby, a nurse sent by the Zenana Mission Society, began her medical mission near Lucknow. Though beset by tragedy, her sister Alice died soon after arrival, and Bielby herself fell gravely ill, the mission still endured. By 1891, through the efforts of Dr. Grace Mackinnon, the Lady Kinnaird Memorial Hospital was established on government-granted land, named after Lady Kinnaird. She was a devout Presbyterian philanthropist remembered for founding the YWCA.&nbsp;<figure class="wp-caption alignnone" style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;margin:15px auto 10px;max-width:100%;padding:0px;width:416px;" id="attachment_41915" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-41915"><img src="https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/CMS_CRL_IW_1899_08_0007_cropped1_7b434dba61.jpg" alt="CMS_CRL_IW_1899_08_0007-cropped1.jpg" srcset="https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/thumbnail_CMS_CRL_IW_1899_08_0007_cropped1_7b434dba61.jpg 244w," sizes="100vw" width="undefined" height="undefined"><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;font-size:15px;line-height:20px;margin:0px;padding:12px 0px 0px;text-align:center;" id="caption-attachment-41915">England Zenana Missionary Society</figcaption></figure>In 1910, Dr. Ethel Douglas took charge, and for the next 36 years she transformed the institution, expanding facilities, raising standards, and establishing training protocols that led to the North India Board of Examiners and State Registration Councils. Her dedication earned her the Kaiser-i-Hind Medal in Gold in 1927, and government grants that enabled new wards and modern equipment. As Beth Bullock Spencer’s dissertation records, Douglas’s “extraordinary influence” kept the Lucknow hospital “overflowing,” even as she grappled with challenges ranging from reluctant purdah patients to the infamous monkey menace.“Even the veteran doctor Ethel Douglas struggled to find a solution to the monkey problem, for some of the local people regarded the monkeys as sacred; harming the monkeys was out of question. Douglas resorted to shouting and shaking her rifle at the monkeys, but with little effect.”Snakes, too, were a recurring hazard, and cultural beliefs often complicated medical practice. Patients observing purdah resisted operations, some postponed surgeries at the last minute deeming the hour “inauspicious,” while others consulted village elders who determinedhe hospital became a sanctuary for women’s health, normalizing dental extractions, eye surgeries, and maternity care in a city where traditional practices often prevailed.The British contribution to Lucknow’s health system was profound. Alongside Lady Kinnaird Memorial Hospital, the Lady Dufferin Hospital was established in 1889 under the Countess of Dufferin Fund to provide safe maternity care. Later, the Queen Mary’s Hospital arose in the early 20th century as a centre for women’s medical education. Together, these institutions marked the colonial effort to embed Western medicine into the city’s fabric, particularly for women and children. They were not merely hospitals but symbols of reform, philanthropy, and the gradual acceptance of modern medical practices in a society negotiating tradition and change.<figure class="wp-caption alignnone" style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;margin:15px auto 10px;max-width:100%;padding:0px;width:396px;" id="attachment_41916" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-41916"><img src="https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/Lady_Dufferin_Hospital_Virabijee_Katrak_Maternity_Wing_768x432_4cbd6e4487.jpg" alt="Lady_Dufferin_Hospital-_Virabijee_Katrak_Maternity_Wing-768x432.jpg" srcset="https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/thumbnail_Lady_Dufferin_Hospital_Virabijee_Katrak_Maternity_Wing_768x432_4cbd6e4487.jpg 245w,https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/small_Lady_Dufferin_Hospital_Virabijee_Katrak_Maternity_Wing_768x432_4cbd6e4487.jpg 500w,https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/medium_Lady_Dufferin_Hospital_Virabijee_Katrak_Maternity_Wing_768x432_4cbd6e4487.jpg 750w," sizes="100vw" width="undefined" height="undefined"><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;font-size:15px;line-height:20px;margin:0px;padding:12px 0px 0px;text-align:center;" id="caption-attachment-41916">Lady Dufferin Hospital, Lucknow</figcaption></figure>By 1965, however, Lady Kinnaird Memorial Hospital succumbed to financial constraints and closed its doors. In 1971, the site was absorbed into King George Medical College, now popularly known as KGMU, housing its neurosurgical and mental health departments. Today, its memory lingers only in archives and recollections, overshadowed by its contemporaries. Yet, its legacy remains unique – a Christian missionary hospital that combined philanthropy, medical progress, and social reform. A place where doctors braved not only disease but monkeys, snakes, and cultural resistance to bring care to the women of Lucknow. An institution that has produced some of the world’s finest medical professionals, researchers and administrators. The pictures of these alumni are featured below.&nbsp;<figure class="wp-caption alignnone" style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;margin:15px auto 10px;max-width:100%;padding:0px;width:276px;" id="attachment_41910" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-41910"><img src="https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/download_4_26ce212e58.png" alt="download-4.png" srcset="https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/thumbnail_download_4_26ce212e58.png 235w," sizes="100vw" width="undefined" height="undefined"><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;font-size:15px;line-height:20px;margin:0px;padding:12px 0px 0px;text-align:center;" id="caption-attachment-41910">Dr. BM Hedge – Alumni of KGMU</figcaption></figure>&nbsp;<figure class="wp-caption alignnone" style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;margin:15px auto 10px;max-width:100%;padding:0px;width:293px;" id="attachment_41911" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-41911"><img src="https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/download_5_c239ac1c62.png" alt="download-5.png" srcset="https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/thumbnail_download_5_c239ac1c62.png 245w," sizes="100vw" width="undefined" height="undefined"><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;font-size:15px;line-height:20px;margin:0px;padding:12px 0px 0px;text-align:center;" id="caption-attachment-41911">Dr. Sanduk Ruit – Alumni of KGMU</figcaption></figure>&nbsp;<figure class="wp-caption alignnone" style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;margin:15px auto 10px;max-width:100%;padding:0px;width:300px;" id="attachment_41912" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-41912"><img src="https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/images_1_d076bb83d3.png" alt="images-1.png" srcset="https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/thumbnail_images_1_d076bb83d3.png 245w," sizes="100vw" width="undefined" height="undefined"><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;font-size:15px;line-height:20px;margin:0px;padding:12px 0px 0px;text-align:center;" id="caption-attachment-41912">Dr. Naresh Trehan – Alumni of KGMU</figcaption></figure><figure class="wp-caption alignnone" style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;margin:15px auto 10px;max-width:100%;padding:0px;width:211px;" id="attachment_41913" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-41913"><img src="https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/images_1_1_300x300_b57c8c7015.png" alt="images-1-1-300x300.png" srcset="https://strapi.bangalore2.com/uploads/thumbnail_images_1_1_300x300_b57c8c7015.png 156w," sizes="100vw" width="undefined" height="undefined"><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;font-size:15px;line-height:20px;margin:0px;padding:12px 0px 0px;text-align:center;" id="caption-attachment-41913">Dr. Anil Kohli – Alumni of KGMU</figcaption></figure>As I reflect upon this heritage, I am convinced that Lucknow’s medical history is incomplete without acknowledging the forgotten jewel that was Lady Kinnaird Memorial Hospital. Its story is not merely of bricks and mortar, but of pioneering women doctors, missionary zeal, and the evolution of healthcare in colonial and post-colonial India. Remembering it is essential to preserving the dignity of our city’s cultural and medical legacy.</div></div>

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